柬埔寨的啟示:通過開放發展擺脫最不發達國家地位 🌍
Lessons from Cambodia: How It Is Outgrowing Its Least Developed Status Through Openness
🇰🇭 柬埔寨預計在2027年從最不發達國家(LDC)名單中畢業。
它對商業和外國直接投資的開放態度,可以為其他國家提供一個可持續且不可逆轉的過渡藍圖。
柬埔寨在過去二十年中取得的許多成就中,其經濟對國際貿易和投資的開放性尤為突出。特別是自2004年10月加入世界貿易組織(WTO)以來,柬埔寨的商品出口從33.9億美元增長到2022年的224.7億美元。這一增長不僅令人印象深刻,也吸引了大量的外國直接投資(FDI),使得外資流入從2004年的1.3億美元增長到2022年的35.8億美元。
柬埔寨政府的持續努力和策略,包括《五角戰略 – 第一階段》,致力於實現可持續和公平的發展,使柬埔寨有望在2050年進一步發展。
以下是其他最不發達國家應該關注的五個值得效仿的柬埔寨措施:
有效利用貿易援助(AfT):柬埔寨是第一個進行貿易整合診斷研究的試點國家,並利用這些研究開發了首個貿易部門廣泛方法(SWAp),幫助貧困人口通過貿易發展增長收入。
創新和多樣化貿易項目:柬埔寨不斷探索新方法,如柬埔寨出口多樣化和擴展計劃(CEDEP),支持了大米和絲綢等項目,並在後續階段支持木薯、海洋漁業和烹飪學院項目。
動員多方資源:柬埔寨善於動員合作夥伴和資源,並超越EIF計劃,如歐盟共同資助的大米項目和瑞典國際發展署支持的烹飪藝術學院項目。
改善商業環境:柬埔寨政府大大改善了營商環境,吸引了更多的私人投資,並於2021年通過了新的投資法,提供投資激勵、投資者保障和程序改進。
簽署自由貿易協定:柬埔寨與多個貿易夥伴簽署了自由貿易協定,包括《區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定》(RCEP)和與中國、韓國的雙邊自由貿易協定。
總之,柬埔寨通過對外資、貿易和商業的開放,有效利用貿易援助,並堅持國家所有權,成功地維持了經濟改革。這些因素的平衡對任何希望實現可持續和不可逆轉畢業的最不發達國家都至關重要。
🇰🇭 Cambodia is projected to graduate from LDC (least developed country) status by 2027.
Its approach to business and foreign direct investment could provide a blueprint for other countries looking for a sustainable and irreversible transition from LDC status.
Among many things that Cambodia has achieved in the past two decades, the openness of its economy to international trade and investment stands out, particularly following its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in October 2004. Cambodia’s merchandise exports grew from $3.39 billion to $22.47 billion by 2022, and foreign direct investment (FDI) increased from $130 million in 2004 to $3.58 billion in 2022.
Cambodia’s continuous efforts and strategies, including ‘The Pentagonal Strategy – Phase I’, have contributed to sustainable and equitable development, setting the country on a path for further growth by 2050.
Here are five actions taken by Cambodia that other LDCs should consider replicating:
Effective Use of Aid for Trade (AfT): Cambodia was the first pilot country for a Diagnostic Trade Integration Study and developed the first-ever Trade Sector Wide Approach (SWAp), helping mobilize $16 million in resources for trade-related priorities.
Innovative and Diversified Trade Projects: Cambodia’s Export Diversification and Expansion Programme (CEDEP) supported sectors like rice and silk, and later cassava, marine fishery, and culinary arts, resulting in significant economic contributions.
Mobilizing Partners and Resources: Cambodia has effectively leveraged resources beyond EIF, with projects co-funded by the European Union, the Swedish International Development Agency, and others.
Improving Business Climate: The Cambodian government has enhanced the business environment, adopting a new investment law in 2021 to attract quality investment supporting socio-economic priorities.
Signing Free Trade Agreements: Cambodia has ratified multiple free trade agreements, including RCEP and bilateral agreements with China and South Korea, enhancing its global trade relations.
In summary, Cambodia has successfully combined openness to external investment, trade, and business with effective use of AfT and strong national ownership, sustaining its economic reforms. Balancing these factors is crucial for any LDC aspiring to achieve sustainable and irreversible graduation.
資料來源Source:https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/02/cambodia-ldc-graduation-economic-progress/